Applications of Nanotechnology
Applications of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is used in many fields, including medicine, energy, and construction. Examples include stronger building materials, therapeutic drug delivery, and more dense hydrogen fuel cells. These applications are constantly evolving and evolving. Because of this, they are making a big impact in many fields. Below are some of the present applications of nanotechnology.
Biotechnology
Nanotechnology is a branch of science that makes use of materials and equipment to alter physical and chemical nature of compounds. Biotechnology is the application using this knowledge to modify molecular processes. Nanotechnology has been utilized in numerous fields, including biomedicine, drug development, and diagnostics. Nanobiotechnology is a unique mixture of biotechnology and nanotechnology in which tiny instruments are created to investigate molecular mechanisms.
Nanobiotechnology applications range from the development of more effective vaccines to improved packaging materials. Perhaps one of the most well-known Nanobiotechnology applications are nano drug delivery systems. Present drug delivery methods suffer from low bioavailability and inadequate solubility of chemical substances which results in excessive levels of side effects. The nanotechnology-based delivery system is created to eliminate these issues by ensuring that the medicine is absorption by the body as designed.
Nanobiotechnology may help scientists create new drugs through analyzing interplay between the DNA molecules with biological cells. It also aids in the detection of chromosomal defects. Scientists are studying bionanotubes which could act as drug delivery mechanisms or as tools to analyse DNA.
Nanobiotechnology has also revolutionized molecular diagnostics that use biomarkers that can detect various illnesses. Nanobiotech refines these diagnosing tests using biomarkers which are found on living cells. Nanoparticles have a large surface area and their physicochemical attributes permit them to selectively attach or sequester various biomarkers. One of the under-utilized applications of nanoparticle technology is biomarker harvesting. Researchers can discover biomarkers applying functional polymer coated nanoparticles.
Energy
Nanotechnology is an innovative method to alter the molecular structure of materials. The technology allows materials to alter their intrinsic properties and improve their performance in different fields. For instance, graphene, in which graphene is the modified version from carbon that is stronger than iron, lighter than aluminium and almost transparent. This new technology is also being employed in a number of different fields, such as electronic and biomedicine as well as defence.
The energy sector has invested a lot of money in developing improved energy system and this has resulted in increased demand for technological advances. Energy companies across the world are using nanotechnology to boost the efficiency on their battery storage units for storage of energy. Applications of nanotechnology in energy are expected to grow over the next few decades especially in the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization.
Nanotechnology is also being employed in medical areas, like for the creation of vaccines, which can be administered without needles. Nanotechnology is also used to improve the efficiency of fuel production which will cut down on the consumption of oil in both vehicles and power plants. It could also help improve the quality of pharmaceutical products. Nanoparticles are able to detect tiny fractures within oil pipelines, resulting to a greater effectiveness.
Nanotechnology can be used in many energy-related technologies such as cleaner coal and oil to plastic solar cells. Its high surface area also makes nanostructured material ideal electrodes for fuel cells. It is also utilized in wind turbines in which hierarchical nanostructured coatings keep dirt from adhering to the blades.
Sensors
A few of the uses using nanotechnology can be the development of sensors. These devices are capable of detecting tiny quantities of chemical. They have already been used in airports in order to detect explosives and drugs. But technologies used to make the devices is not without limitations, including low range of selectivity and instabilities.
Nanosensors have the potential to significantly improve agricultural productivity. They can be used to detect pathogensor contaminants and other compounds that are invisible to the naked eye. In addition, they can be used for detecting soil moisture, which is critical to determine the moisture level. They are also helpful in preventing water waste.
Sensors can be used to detect a large spectrum of substances, including infections, fungi and bacteria. One type of sensor is the immunochromatographic strip nanosensor, which is commonly used in point-of-care analytical devices. Additionally, it is being utilized in monitoring agroecosystems to detect GM crops. However there are many devices that do not have enough sensitivity and are limited by their colour density.
As the world becomes more multi-faceted and sophisticated sensors will need to change in order to meet these demands. Furthermore, we need sensors that are able to communicate wirelessly with each other. Nano-enabled sensors could be combined with tiny RF transceivers. These devices can be operated with lower temperatures and power requirements, and also be extremely small.
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